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The first stage is the first day of menstrual ovulation date to date, this period is about 12-22 days due to everyone’s physical differences, the following 28 days in my cycle as an example:

Period lasted about 3-5 days when the first seven days, the pituitary gland secretes hormones to stimulate egg development, when the eggs mature, the pituitary gland to start secreting estrogen (estrogen), so that thickening of the uterus organizations action until the 14th cycle day of ovulation, the first phase will be over.

The second stage will be each time more or less the same, that is, ovulation until the next day of the menstrual time, usually two weeks after ovulation is 14 days is menstrual date.

Before the LH peak in about 7 ~ 8 days, was chosen by the ovarian follicles secrete estrogen, especially estradiol, initially increase slowly, and then accelerated, and generally in one days before the LH peak peaked. Estrogen The increase in hormone LH is accompanied by a slow but steady increase and the decline in FSH levels. LH and FSH levels can be run in the opposite direction, because the secretion of FSH by the priority of estrogen suppression (compared with the LH secretion), and in particular of inhibin by inhibition. just before the peak in LH, progesterone levels are significantly increased.

In the ovulation period, LH peak to make a series of complex changes in the endocrine pituitary — peak ovulation period in a large number of pre-release peak LH.LH partly due to the formation of estrogen positive feedback. At the same time, FSH secretion is also a small increase, but its significance is not clear. When the LH levels, the decline in estradiol levels, but progesterone levels continue to rise. LH peak, typically 26 to 48 hours continued, including several times in order to pulse the release of a large number of outbreaks of LH. LH peak of fully mature follicles caused — from the sophisticated to the ovulation of cystic follicle to release the egg — is necessary, it often occurred in the peak after the beginning of the 16 ~ 32 hours. ovulation is not clearance mechanism.

In LH during the height of follicular epithelial ovarian enlargement from鼓出surface. A small plaque with or without blood vessel in the follicle surface. In this plaque has a small bubble formation, and then broke down and have a mass of material (the egg with a number of surrounding particles cells) discharged. follicles produced prostaglandins, may be due to the LH and / or regulation of FSH, it seems to ovulation is important. cystic follicles and preovulatory follicles of epithelial cells above the melting protease, localized growth factor and cell Kinetin may be important. eggs to maintain a state of inhibition in the early split until after the LH peak. LH peak after 36 hours, the egg to complete the first meiosis, that is acceptable to every cell of the original 46 chromosome 23 and emit the first polar body. unless the egg by a sperm penetration, the second meiosis (ie, each chromosome longitudinal split into a pair of the same) will not be completed, and the second polar body will not be discharged.

In the luteal (after ovulation) period, the formation of follicular granulosa cells and sheath cells in recombinant form corpus luteum (luteal phase that is, as the name). The length of this period the most constant in the non-pregnant women Girls on average 14 days. And 1st day of menstruation and The End. unless the pregnancy occurred then, which is equivalent to the length of luteal life span, that is, secretion of progesterone and estrogen about 14 days, and then degraded. luteal progesterone secretion gradually increase the volume to support the plant by pregnant egg. progesterone on the LH peak after 6 ~ 8 days to reach its peak of about 25mg / d. Since the progesterone is pyrogenic and therefore, in the corpus luteum during the basal body temperature increased 0.5 ℃ and maintained this altitude until the next menstrual. luteal the regulation of life span to know very little, but prostaglandins and insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ may be involved.

If the plant successfully, from egg to implant human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to support the corpus luteum until the placenta - fetal endocrine unit in support of its own. HCG is structurally and functionally similar to those with LH, but the pregnancy test used a unique antibody on the β-hCG subunit has specificity, while LH has no or very little cross-reaction.

In most of the corpus luteum, the blood LH and FSH levels to reduce and lower, but the period (the next cycle) menstruation, they also began to increase

Women of childbearing age and the age category of female animals long, every month or so, the occurrence of endometrial thickening funded one, vascular hyperplasia, glandular secretion, as well as the growth of endometrial shedding and collapse of the cyclical changes associated with hemorrhage. Such periodic vaginal discharge of blood or bleeding phenomenon, called menstruation. Menstrual cycle by the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovarian three interaction between reproductive hormones to regulate, in the menstrual cycle changes in the course of the following: â‘  women reach puberty, the hypothalamus of gonadotropin-releasing hormone control, anterior pituitary secretion of FSH (FSH) and a small amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovarian follicle to mature and begin to secrete estrogen. In the role of estrogen, the uterus periosteal proliferative changes occur; â‘¡ follicle matures, the secretion of estrogen gradually increase, when reached a certain concentration, but also through the hypothalamic-pituitary positive feedback role in promoting an increase in the anterior pituitary gonadotropin secretion, LH secretion and to increase even more evident, the formation of the release of luteinizing hormone peak, it attracted a mature ovarian follicle; â‘¢ luteinizing hormone in the role under the follicle after ovulation corpus luteum formation and secretion of estrogen and progesterone. This phase of endometrium, mainly in the role of progesterone, the accelerated growth and functional differentiation into a secretory phase endometrium; â‘£ Because a large number of corpus luteum secretion of estrogen and progestin hormones, the blood concentration of these two hormones increase, through the negative feedback the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary suppression, so that the secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone decrease in luteal progesterone and thus shrink and also a rapid decline in estrogen, endometrial suddenly lost the support of these two sex hormones, then the collapse of bleeding, with membrane shedding and menstrual. At this point blood estrogen and progesterone concentrations decreased, the lifting of the hypothalamus - pituitary suppression, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone can be increased, and by the beginning of the next month cycle. First period, said menarche, menarche age of majority in the 13 ~ 15 years.Sooner or later the menarche and climate, genetic and health status, and if girls to 18-year-old is also the future of menstruation, should be considered pathological, it is necessary to carry out an inquiry governance. Menarche marks the beginning of puberty. Adolescent ovarian function is not stable, nor the rules of the menstrual cycle, after menarche, often separated by several months, six months or even longer time to come menstruation, after approaching 28 ~ 30 days passing through the first. Has the law of the menstrual cycle, the two menstrual interval of time is normally not less than 20 days or more than 45 days. Normal menstrual duration was 2 ~ 7 days, mostly in the 3 ~ 5 days. The average amount of bleeding about 50 milliliters, but as little as 20 milliliters, up to 100 ml. Dark red menstrual blood, because blood contains fibrinolytic element prevents blood coagulation. Su-bloody long time fibrinolysis insufficient blood clot has formed, say, menstrual blood is too long or too large, too small, are abnormal, it is necessary to carry out diagnosis and treatment.

In the menstrual cycle in menstrual phase and proliferation phase, blood levels of estradiol and progesterone is low, thus adenohypophysis and hypothalamus of the negative feedback role in weakened or eliminated, resulting in the hypothalamus to promote the secretion of sex hormones increase, followed by lead pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased, thus follicular development, estrogen secretion gradually increased. At this point, estrogen stimulates the endometrium to enter the proliferative phase. Luteinizing hormone is an increase in progesterone secretion, leading to ovulation. This mid-term estrogen and progestin increased the average water. This is the hypothalamus and pituitary can produce negative feedback inhibition to strengthen, thus ovulation-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels, resulting in luteal degradation, and thus estrogen and progesterone reduce the level. Endometrial lost two kinds of hormones that support and peeling off, bleeding, or menstruation occurs. At this time, estrogen and progesterone decrease, but also the beginning of the next month by the cycle.