Disease
Disease concept: the disease is the body under certain conditions, the cause of damage, as a result of stable self-regulation disorder and the occurrence of unusual activities in the course of life.
Some of the causes of the existence of a state of life in this state, the body’s shape and (or) a certain function of changes in the normal activities of life or damage to be limited, or early or late show noticeable Symptoms, the outcome of this state can be recovered (normal) or long-term residual, and even death.
The existence of the disease, from the pain and discomfort, and other symptoms began. Oracle China has been “sick” and “head disease”, “foot disease” and other names, their meaning is the site of the pain; “disease” in the meaning of words is in bed (not together, the activities subject to ). English is the word from the disease in dis (not) and ease (comfortable, easy) synthesis. However, not all diseases are associated with pain does not apply, such as tumors early, infectious diseases, the incubation period, the patient may feel no discomfort; not all of the pain are diseases, such as children’s teeth out, that women on maternity leave, and so on; there is only pain A symptom, not the disease. With the medicine, people often identify some of the symptoms caused by some, the reasons for this in the human body caused by specific pathological changes, only the symptoms of these pathological changes on the basis of emerging patterns or functional changes in the process to a certain extent In the (death, disability, teratogenic, etc.), so that people in the process as a “disease”, to identify the reasons for those who are not yet known syndrome.
The definition of the disease on the disease, as healthy as can be examined from different angles are given different definitions. The most common application of the definition of “normal human body shape and function of deviation. Modern medicine on the human body, a variety of biological parameters (including intelligence) are measured, and its value on the whole subject to the normal statistical distribution, which can be calculated A mean value and 95% of the area where the health of the individual. Customary that the range of “normal”, outside the range, too high or too low, is “abnormal”, the disease does not fall into the normal range. In many cases , This definition is applied, such as typhoid fever can be expressed as a certain period of time the body temperature and blood “of typhoid hemagglutinin” (antibody), increased. However, the normal individual differences and a lot of biological variation, sometimes the definition of Not apply. As a normal heart the size of a certain extent, many diseases can be caused by the expansion of the heart, but for athletes, more than the normal size of the heart accompanied by bradycardia (slow to 40 times per minute or so) is not sick; this Species belonging to deviate from the normal individual differences. In the spirit of respect, much higher than the IQ of the same age who is a genius, not patients. Some people from the function or the ability to adapt to the definition of diseases that damage the environment and the ability to coordinate the destruction of only The performance of the disease is to avoid the normal individual differences and the misuse of biological variation as the disease. Hypoxic when symptoms of sickle-cell anemia, it showed the ability to adapt to the defect. Many of the mentally ill, special needs Inspection of its ability to coordinate and the environment. Adapt to the functional but not necessarily a bad disease, such as a long-term lack of physical activity can not meet the ordinary people can do physical activity, a slight back pain on exertion, it may not be Is sick. Therefore, it was suggested that the increase in health and disease among the “disease-free status.” Therefore, the disease has not yet satisfactory definition.
The type of disease, many types of the disease, according to the World Health Organization issued in 1978, “Classification of Diseases and the name of the operation,” the ninth edition (ICD-9) have recorded tens of thousands across the name of the disease, a new disease is still found in. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is found in 1981 after meeting into, at first in the immune deficiency disease, and then on to virus-induced diseases. The human disease, said to be roughly the following two broad categories.
Biological pathogens cause disease pathogens, including viruses, rickettsia, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, arthropods, and so on. As the pathogens are breeding capacity, in the crowd from a host through a certain way to spread to another host, so that they have the same disease, it can be said of infectious diseases, or infectious diseases. Such a large number of people in the spread of the disease when called plague. Potent infectious diseases plague often resulting in a large number of deaths. Now analysis of the cause of death in developed countries, infectious diseases accounted for only less than 1%, 5% in China.
Non-communicable diseases along with the gradual control of infectious diseases, non-communicable disease are relatively larger, people familiar with the tumor, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage and so on, fall into this category. In the major cities in China and developed countries in the analysis of the cause of death in these diseases are in the top three. The causes of disease can be divided into the following categories.
â‘ genetic diseases. The formation of fertilized eggs or in the process of the formation of genetic material change caused by the disease.
â‘¡ physical and chemical damage. Damage can be acute, such as chemical poisoning, burns and so on, the damage can be displayed immediately, the cause is very clear; it could be a chronic, subject for many years, even before the next generation of performance, this time the cause is subject to investigation and research Can reveal. Human chronic poisoning can occur in natural conditions, such as high levels of fluoride in drinking water can cause enamel plaques, and even affect the growth of bone, the formation of skeletal fluorosis. However, more disease is caused by the artificial, and many occupational hazards and diseases such as silicosis, organic mercury poisoning caused Minamata disease, caused by cadmium poisoning Tong Tong, and other disease that is the case. Many drug-induced disease is also a kind of chemical injury. Some of the chemicals in the next generation of body damage, such as thalidomide caused by a freak seal (Phocomelia) is a well-known example of early pregnancy using estrogen drugs will enable the next generation of girls in their teens when the vagina Cancer.
Physical factors of frostbite, burn, electrical injury, radiation injury, altitude sickness, disease, as well as diving on hearing the noise, the adverse effects of blood pressure and so on have been known, but radio, telephone, radio, television, the wider use of radar So that people, regardless of men, women and children, were immersed in various frequency electromagnetic waves, a living, this is the history of human development has not come into contact with the new environment, its human impact on survival of the race, is still a need to explore the issue of .
â‘¢ immune diseases. Immune response refers to the disorder caused by the disease, can be divided into two categories: First, the external environment, or some kind of antigen material response too; Second, the immune system of their own organizations or others should not have a cell immune response, “Autoimmune” (see autoimmune disease, autoimmune diseases).
â‘£ abnormal cell growth. Is the largest number of deaths caused by diseases. The abnormal growth of cells known as hyperplasia. When the proliferation of cell shape has not changed, still has the original cell functions, such as thyroid cells, caused by thyroid increased, too much thyroid hormone secretion, there hyperthyroidism. General hyperplasia or chronic stimulation by the hormone caused a normal human body cells have a certain limit to the limit to stop proliferation. The proliferation of regulatory mechanism to weaken, it appears cell proliferation; and the adjustment mechanism will lead to total loss of tumor.
⑤ metabolic diseases and endocrine diseases.
â‘¥ nutritional diseases.Including malnutrition and disease had nutrition.
⑦ as a result of heart disease. That is, mental disorders. Most people will always suffer as a result of certain heart diseases.According to statistics in the United States in every one of the two in-patients suffering from heart disease as a result. Organic and can be divided into two major categories of non-organic. Organic heart disease as a result of a clear genetic tendency to schizophrenia in particular, are often family history. There are a number of genetic diseases but also mental retardation, such as Down’s syndrome, Huntington’s chorea, phenylketonuria. Infectious diseases, especially of late syphilis can be violations of the brain, producing symptoms. Some drugs and chemicals (such as lead, steroids), and are often caused by psychiatric symptoms. Symptoms can also be generated by the nutritional factors, such as folic acid and vitamin B12 caused by the lack of pernicious anemia often have psychiatric symptoms. In the growth of hunger in the mental development of children in general will also be affected. Any serious diseases will pose a psychological pressure, leading to symptoms of depression. As a result of non-organic heart disease who is facing the pressure of life and demonstrated the spirit of the symptoms.To anxiety and depression is the most common symptoms. As a result of non-organic heart disease symptoms may include virtually every body system and can be confused with any organic diseases that pose a psychosomatic disease.
⑧ age-related diseases.In the age of growth and the degradation of the normal age-related diseases caused by the degradation is difficult to draw a clear line. The most common problems of the elderly is part of the heart, blood vessels and joints.Decreased resistance to the elderly, vulnerable to infection, trauma (see the medical characteristics of the elderly).
