Prostate Cancer
Overview
Prostate cancer is the male reproductive system of the most common malignant tumor, the incidence increase with age, the incidence of significant regional differences in the higher regions in Europe and America. It is reported that second only to lung cancer, died of cancer in men is the second. China’s previous low incidence rate, but due to the aging of the population, the incidence has increased in recent years, at the same time as a result of prostate cancer diagnostic methods of continuous improvement, such as acid phosphatase of radioimmunoassay, the prostatic fluid lactate dehydrogenase The determination of transrectal ultrasonography, CT examination of the prostate, as well as to improve the needle, and so on, to make early diagnosis of prostate cancer, but also the incidence of prostate cancer has increased.
Cause of pathology
The cause of prostate cancer has not yet identified, may be related to genetic, environmental, sex and so on. Prostate androgen secretion by the testis nine-regulation of gonadotropin luteinizing hormone play an indirect role. Emasculated those who never took place early prostate cancer.
98% of prostate cancer for adenocarcinoma, often from the prostate to shrink the peripheral part of the occurrence, for the most number of lesions. The transfer of the disease in three ways: â‘ near or adjacent to the infiltration of organs, first of all, on both sides of the invasion and leaves, pierced envelope, to ampulla vas deferens, the seminal vesicle, filthy neck and shoulders after the urethra; â‘¡ lymph node to be the main bone of the body and outside the abdomen Artery next to the lymph nodes, and so on; â‘¢ transfer of the most common blood line for the poor bone, spine, and femur. Pathological fractures can occur. Can also be transferred to the liver, lung, pleura, adrenal gland, brain, and other internal organs.
Prostate cancer can be divided into four groups as follows
(1) latent prostate cancer: is the life of the prostate without symptoms and signs of the disease in an autopsy after death by pathological examination revealed the primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Latent prostate cancer can occur at any site, but the central area and peripheral areas often, and often well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.Its incidence is reported abroad, 15% to 50%. China’s Bei Yida urology research reports latent prostate cancer incidence rate of 3 to 4%. Statistical studies have shown that the potential of prostate cancer may be related to environmental and genetic factors.
(2) sporadic prostate cancer: clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia in the main symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the removal of tissue, histological examination revealed prostate cancer. The histology showed a better differentiation of cancer, adenocarcinoma and tubular-shaped screen-based adenocarcinoma, for a small number of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, abroad sporadic prostate cancer rate of 10% to 30%.It has been reported domestic incidence of 5%.
(3) occult prostate cancer: Prostate patients without symptoms and signs of the disease, but Guchuan or lymph node biopsy specimens for pathological examination confirmed prostate cancer. And again after a prostate biopsy to be further confirmed. Patients with this type of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase level increased. Biopsy done and the PSA (or) PAP immunohistochemistry were positive.
(4) of the clinical prostate cancer: clinical examination (DRE, ultrasound, CT or MRI, etc.) for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and after a biopsy confirmed.Also available in patients with elevated PSA and PAP to assist in diagnosis. The majority of patients with DRE can touch the prostate nodules, ultrasonography prompt irregular shape of the prostate nodules, echo and echo uneven on the low side.
Clinical
Vary with the type of tumor-related. Latent type, the occult are no local symptoms. Local clinical symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia similar.
Early symptoms. When the cancer caused by dirty neck and shoulders after the urethral obstruction can be symptoms, hematuria small part of the transfer of patients to medical symptoms, for the performance of low back pain, sciatica, and so on. Therefore, men of unknown primary tumor metastasis should be excluded from prostate cancer.
To invade the urethra and bladder neck filthy, narrow urethra inflammatory symptoms, urinary frequency, urgency, Niaotong, hematuria and dysuria.
Patients with chronic consumption of symptoms, weight loss, weakness, anemia.
In the early stages, and no patient characteristics. As the disease progresses, patients may notice the following:
1, urinary frequency, urgency
2, urinary retention
3, voiding the bitter feelings from time to time
4, it is difficult to form flow
5, hematuria
6, voiding pain
7, bone pain
To have advanced prostate cancer patients who may be following a complex situation:
1, suppression of bone marrow disease
2, the transfer of osteoma
3, vice-tumor syndrome
4, high-calcium
5, pain
6, high-acid
7, pleural leakage
8, leg swelling
Prostate cancer can be divided into three types: â‘ with the clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia; â‘¡-hidden, small tumors that do not cause obstruction and clinical symptoms, physical examination or as a result of the transfer of disease (such as the pelvis, spine, etc.) when the symptoms was found; â‘¢ Latent type, the only organization in the line of pathological examination.
